[Burnout syndrome among Hungarian midwives in 2014 and 2022]. / Kiégésszindróma a magyar szülésznok körében 2014-ben és 2022-ben.

INTRODUCTION: The healthcare sector is the most studied area of burnout, as the mental health of healthcare workers has a significant impact on the mental health of the people they care for. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate whether there have been changes in the dimensions of burnout among midwives, and how the relationships between burnout and the individual factors and working conditions that influence it have evolved, using national data from 2014 and 2022. METHOD: An anonymous, voluntary, questionnaire-based survey of midwives working exclusively in maternity units was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, which measures burnout, and questions on respondents' demographic characteristics and working conditions. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to explore associations between burnout and respondent characteristics, and associations were characterized by odds ratios. RESULTS: Among the dimensions of burnout, no change in depersonalization was observed in 2022, but both emotional exhaustion and personal ineffectiveness were significantly more common in 2022 than in 2014. Responses from 224 midwives in 2014 and 152 midwives in 2022 were analyzed. Looking at the influencing factors, higher levels of burnout in 2014 were significantly associated with poorer perceived health, lack of a partner, smoking, shorter time in healthcare, having a job in a larger city, feeling overworked and dissatisfied. In 2022, on the other hand, younger age, smoking, shorter time in healthcare, feeling overworked, dissatisfied and unvalued were associated with higher levels of burnout. Looking at the combined effect of these factors, willingness to attend a health promotion lecture and having a second job also showed a significant effect on burnout in 2022. DISCUSSION: The authors discuss the change in burnout among midwives and the possible reasons for the correlations shown. CONCLUSION: The results of the first study on burnout among midwives in Hungary show that improving the working conditions of midwives is essential for the functioning of family-friendly midwifery. In addition, to prevent burnout, more emphasis should be placed on the prevention of the risk factors identified in the study in education and training. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(40): 1592-1599.

Validity and reliability of positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool among nursing students.

AIM: This study aims to verify the validity and reliability of two separate instruments used for measuring nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool. BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals and undergraduates, including nursing students, use wearable display technologies, such as smart glasses and head-mounted displays, as learning tools. However, the validation of the instruments used to evaluate the perception of such use is insufficient. DESIGN: This methodological study assessed an instrument used to measure nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology. METHODS: In total, 284 students from eight universities in six regions across South Korea participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 and Amos 22.0. The construct validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and group comparison) and reliability (internal consistency) were analyzed. RESULTS: Three factors and thirteen items related to positive attitudes toward wearable displays were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative explanatory power of 66.22%. One factor and six items were extracted, with an explanatory power of 74.61% for the perceived importance of the wearable display subscale. In the group comparison, differences in the positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology were observed according to the level of satisfaction with college life, level of satisfaction with the nursing major, whether the participants owned a wearable display and whether they would consider purchasing a wearable display. Each factor loading was adequate, according to the confirmatory factor analysis results. Cronbach's α for positive attitudes toward wearable displays was.79, while that for perceived importance of wearable displays was.93. CONCLUSION: The developed instrument can be used to evaluate nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool in the future. This study can serve as a basis for developing and applying wearable display technologies in nursing education.

Does Asthma Disrupt Psychological Wellbeing in Pregnancy?

(1) Background: Asthma is a very prevalent disease with special characteristics during pregnancy, however, little is known about its relationship to the psychological wellbeing of women in this period; we aimed to know whether depression and anxiety symptoms are more frequent in asthmatic pregnant women. (2) Methods: Family Apgar (week 20), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (weeks 20 and 32) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (week 32) tests were administered to 738 pregnant women (81 asthmatics) in the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort. (3) Results: There were no significant differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic pregnant women in any of the different tests at any of the time points. The mean scores for the different tests and timepoints between asthmatic and non-asthmatic pregnant women were: Apgar 20, 17.9 ± 2.2 vs. 10.0 ± 2.2; Edinburgh 20, 6.7 ± 4.2 vs. 6.9 ± 4.3; Edinburgh 32, 5.9 ± 4.4 vs. 5.6 ± 4.3; and STAI 32, 16.7 ± 8.4 vs. 15.8 ± 8.3. The proportion of pregnant women out of the normal range score for any of the tests and time points was also similar in both populations. (4) Conclusions: asthma is not associated with the psychological wellbeing of pregnant women.

Construction of an early warning model of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis based on psychological testing.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To establish an early warning model of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis based on psychological testing. METHODS: Data including patient demographics, number connection test-A (NCT-A), digit symbol test (DST), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were collected for patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Shanghai with liver cirrhosis between January and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the development of hepatic encephalopathy (the hepatic encephalopathy group and non-hepatic encephalopathy group). Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis were determined by using the binary logistic regression. We developed a predictive model in accordance with the STARD statement criteria (Supplementary File S1) with a cut-off value determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calculation of the Youden index. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the present study. Of these, 33 out of 66 patients with abnormal psychological tests had hepatic encephalopathy during hospitalisation. In contrast, 6 out of 317 patients with normal psychological tests had hepatic encephalopathy. Logistic regression analysis identified age, MELD score, and abnormal psychological tests as risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The area under the ROC curve for our prediction model for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis was 0.950 and the largest calculated Youden index was 0.804, which corresponds to a cut-off value is 0.0307. CONCLUSION: Greater age, higher MELD score and abnormal psychological tests were significantly associated with increased risk of hepatic encephalopathy indicating early warning systems and identification of abnormal psychological tests are important components of the clinical nursing care process for cirrhotic patients. Our early warning model based on psychological testing can provide a basis for nursing observation and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Risk assessments for hepatic encephalopathy according to liver function and psychological tests, in addition to traditional neurological observations and dietary guidance, have utility in decreasing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Machine learning item selection for short scale construction: A proof-of-concept using the SIMS.

ObjectiveThis proof-of-concept paper provides evidence to support machine learning (ML) as a valid alternative to traditional psychometric techniques in the development of short forms of longer parent psychological tests. ML comprises a variety of feature selection techniques that can be efficiently applied to identify the set of items that best replicates the characteristics of the original test. MethodsIn the present study, we integrated a dataset of 329 participants from published and unpublished datasets used in previous research on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) to develop a short version of the scale. The SIMS is a multi-axial self-report questionnaire and a highly efficient psychometric measure of symptom validity, which is frequently applied in forensic settings. Results State-of-the-art ML item selection techniques achieved a 72% reduction in length while capturing 92% of the variance of the original SIMS. The new SIMS short form now consists of 21 items. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the proposed ML-based item selection technique represents a promising alternative to standard psychometric correlation-based methods (i.e. item selection, item response theory), especially when selection techniques (e.g. wrapper) are employed that evaluate global, rather than local, item value.

Effects of probiotic supplements on cognition, anxiety, and physical activity in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.

Probiotics have been suggested as an effective adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their modulating effect on the gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain axis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two different single-strain probiotics on cognition, physical activity, and anxiety in subjects with mild and moderate AD. Eligible patients (n = 90) with AD were randomly assigned to either of two interventions [Lactobacillus rhamnosus HA-114 (1015 CFU) or Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (1015 CFU)] or placebo group, receiving probiotic supplement twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was cognitive function measured by using the two tests, namely, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the categorical verbal fluency test (CFT). Secondary outcomes included a performance in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the independent effects of probiotics on clinical outcomes. After 12 weeks, MMSE significantly improved cognition (P Interaction < 0.0001), with post hoc comparisons identifying significantly more improvement in the B. longum intervention group (differences: 4.86, 95% CI: 3.91-5.81; P < 0.0001) compared with both the placebo and L. rhamnosus intervention groups (differences: 4.06, 95% CI: 3.11-5.01; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (differences: -0.8, 95% CI: -1.74 to 0.14; P = 0.09). In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that 12-week probiotic supplementation compared with placebo had beneficial effects on the cognition status of patients with AD.

Personal statement versus psychological test as admission to the nursing degree: an evaluation.

BACKGROUND: A review of admissions to nursing in Northern Ireland was prompted by the growing number of applications and a desire to ensure that the applicants had the right values for a career in nursing. Concerns regarding authorship, plagiarism and reliability of personal statements used to select applicants to interview was the focus of this research. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of a Personal Statement (PS) as a method for admission to a nursing programme and a values-based psychological screening tool, Nurse Match (NM). METHODS: A self-selecting, purposive sample (n = 228; 9.7%) was drawn from applicants to Schools of Nursing in the United Kingdom (n = 2350). Participants all of whom had completed a Personal Statement were asked to complete a psychological tool and the scoring outcomes and psychometric properties of both tests were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted using Minitab 17. RESULTS: Applicants from 18 schools and five colleges responded. The majority (72.4%) were aged 18-19. Findings provide practical, theoretical, statistical, and qualitative reasons for concluding that the Personal Statement has substantial limitations as a measure of suitability. It does not compare well with international test standards for psychometric tests. In contrast, NM is a valid and reliable measure with good discriminatory power, standardised administration and consistent marking. CONCLUSION: NM is a viable alternative to the PS for shortlisting applicants for nursing interviews.

The Effects of Providing Advance Notice and Stress-Coping Traits on Physiological Stress of Patients during Dental Treatment.

Patients tend to feel stress in association with dental treatment due to uneasiness and fear. We investigated the effects of providing advance notice and stress-coping traits on the physiological stress of patients during dental treatment. Sixty non-dental professionals (male, n = 26; female, n = 34; mean age, 49.9 years) were recruited for this study and informed consent was obtained. Subjects were given simulated dental treatment including three stimuli, air, percussion and running of an air turbine, with or without advance notice of the stimulation during dental treatment. Real-time sympathetic nerve activity (SN) and parasympathetic nerve activity (PN) during the treatment were measured using a biological information monitor. The stress-coping traits of each subject were examined using the Lazarus-Type Stress Coping Inventory (SCI). Correlations between the nerve-activity and scores of eight stress-coping strategies of SCI and the presence/absence of advance notice were analyzed. Age, types of stimuli and order of stimuli significantly affected SN, while age, types of stimuli, and the pattern of stimulation significantly affected PN. The interaction of the stress-coping trait and presence/absence of advance notice significantly affected PN. Providing advance notice may have different effects on physiological stress depending on how the patient copes with stress.

Development of the Nursing Practice Readiness Scale for new graduate nurses: A methodological study.

AIM: To develop a scale to assess nursing practice readiness and verify its validity and reliability. BACKGROUND: Practice readiness refers to the attitude and characteristics of new employees that enable them to successfully adapt to the workplace. For new graduate nurses to receive on-the-job training appropriate to their individual competency level, a scale to assess nursing practice readiness is needed. DESIGN: A methodological study was conducted in two phases: (1) development of the scale through a literature review and interviews related to nursing practice readiness; (2) confirming construct validity, criterion-related validity and reliability of the developed scale. METHODS: Data were collected from 430 new graduate nurses in South Korea. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified using maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis with promax factor rotation, confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The Nursing Practice Readiness Scale consisted of 35 items for five factors: clinical judgment and nursing performance, professional attitudes, patient-centeredness, self-regulation and collaborative interpersonal relationship. Confirmatory factor analysis results revealed an adequate model fit. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were verified and all factors achieved a Cronbach's α greater than 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: The developed scale can evaluate educational outcomes and determine the need for additional support, which can improve the workplace adaptation of new graduate nurses, patient safety and quality of care.

Concept of Affective Dependence and Validation of an Affective Dependence Scale.

Background: There is a degree of affective interdependence that is considered normal and only becomes pathological if it causes excessive suffering, both for the subject and for those close to them. Our objective was to introduce and psychometrically validate a short and effective affective dependency scale, the Affective Dependence Scale (ADS-9). Methods: We used a sample of 762 participants (clinical: emotional dependent subjects n = 212, comparison: non-emotionally-dependent addicted subjects n = 272, and general population n = 278) to assess the factor structure, the psychological construct validity and the measurement invariance for the ADS-9 by means of independent exploratory factor analyses for each sample group and subsequent multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Results: Our results confirm that ADS-9 is a psychometrically consistent instrument, with construct and clinical validity, as well as configural, metric and scalar invariance across different sample groups (clinical, comparison and general population). A hypothesized two-dimensional structure was confirmed by means of factor analyses. Both sub-scales of this abbreviated form, Submission and Craving, showed a good agreement with the previously validated Relationships and Sentimental Dependencies Inventory (IRIDS-100). Conclusion: The ADS-9 is a brief instrument that appears to reliably detect the dependent and pathological components of affective dependence. It consists of two sub-scales, describing Submission (adaptation, accommodation, and subjugation) and Craving (imperative need for the other with the presence of disturbing states). We suggest that it is a versatile scale that may be useful for clinicians and researchers.

Do teste ao processo de avaliação psicológica: memórias sobre a formação do psicólogo no Brasil / From test to process in psychological assessment: memories on psychology training in Brazil / Del test al proceso de evaluación psicológica: memorias sobre la formación del psicólogo en Brasil

A temática da formação do psicólogo no Brasil no campo da avaliação psicológica ocupa importante lugar na literatura científica da área, com enfoques e levantamentos diversos. Este trabalho procura agregar conhecimento ao campo por meio de reflexão teórica e vivencial sobre diretrizes formativas em avaliação psicológica, acompanhando a construção da própria Psicologia no país. Recorreu-se a um levantamento de informações disponíveis em periódicos, anais de eventos científicos e em sites de associações científicas de Psicologia, selecionando produções qualitativamente relevantes para retratar uma perspectiva longitudinal sobre a formação em processos de avaliação psicológica, acrescentando vivências e memórias construídas ao longo de várias décadas de atuação na área. Procurou-se caracterizar algumas ações implementadas no campo desde a regulamentação da profissão até os desafios contemporâneos, enfatizando contribuições significativas de diferentes pesquisadores e grupos de investigação científica no país. O principal destaque deste trabalho está em evidenciar que a área de avaliação psicológica se movimentou no sentido de alterar sua atenção sobre os instrumentais (testes e materiais psicológicos) para os processos psicológicos envolvidos nessa prática profissional exclusiva da Psicologia no Brasil. Finaliza-se o trabalho com novos desafios impostos para essa especialidade profissional na contemporaneidade.(AU)

Professional training occupies an important place in the field of psychological assessment, appearing in the scientific literature under various approaches and surveys. This study seeks to add knowledge to this topic by means of a theoretical and experiential reflection on education guidelines, following the constitution of Psychology itself in Brazil. A bibliographical survey was carried out on journals, annals of scientific events and websites of Psychology scientific associations, selecting relevant academic productions to portrayal longitudinal perspective on training in psychological assessment, adding experiences and memories built over several decades of work. The text characterizes some actions implemented in Psychology, from its regulation to contemporary challenges, emphasizing significant contributions from different researchers and research groups in the country. Its main highlight is in revealing that psychological assessment changed its focus from instruments (psychological tests and materials) towards psychological processes involved in this professional practice that are exclusive to Brazilian Psychology. In conclusion, the paper points to contemporary new challenges imposed to this profession.(AU)

La formación de psicólogos en Brasil en el campo de la evaluación psicológica es un tema que ocupa un lugar destacado en la literatura científica del área, con diferentes enfoques y planteamientos. Este trabajo pretende contribuir con la reflexión teórica y experiencial sobre los planteamientos de formación en evaluación psicológica, siguiendo la construcción de la propia Psicología en el país. Se recogió la información disponible en revistas, anales de eventos científicos y en las páginas web de asociaciones científicas de Psicología, seleccionando las producciones cualitativamente relevantes para caracterizar una perspectiva longitudinal sobre la formación en procesos de evaluación psicológica, sumándose a experiencias y memorias construidas a lo largo de décadas de experiencia en el campo. Se buscó caracterizar algunas acciones puestas en marcha en el campo desde la regulación de la profesión hasta los desafíos contemporáneos, destacando los aportes significativos de diferentes investigadores y grupos de investigación científica del país. El principal destaque de este trabajo es mostrar que el área de evaluación psicológica pasó a trasladar su atención de las herramientas (tests y materiales psicológicos) a los procesos psicológicos involucrados en esta práctica profesional exclusiva de la Psicología en Brasil. Se finaliza con los nuevos retos impuestos para esta especialidad profesional en la contemporaneidad.(AU)

A Web Based Tool to Support a Personalized Therapeutic Path Through the Use of Psychological Tests.

Psychology tests are tools used to evaluate specific aspects of individual psyche and behavior, in clinical practice and for research purposes. They are validated and standardized both in the administration procedures and interpretation of results. Nowadays, most of these tests are questionnaires administered to patients on paper support. The patient's answers to the questionnaires constitute a basis for self-presentation and self-awareness at the beginning of the therapeutic path. The computer is a valuable aid allowing a quickly consultation of all the answers and highlighting the most salient ones. The main aim of this work was to design, develop and test a computerized support tool for the interpretation of psychological tests that allow good interaction between groups of therapists sharing the same operating modes. The developed system allows: first the storing of the numerical values corresponding to the answers to the questionnaires of the patients; then it creates a complete 'Picture' of the patient and allows the automatic computation of the correlation between the indexes of the various scales. The graphical correlations between scales can be also a valuable aid in finding the outliers, so patients far away from the trend line.

Relationship of Binge Drinking with Impairments Affecting Memory and Executive Function among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Spain.

Binge drinking (BD) is a common practice among college students. Alcohol consumption may affect brain structures that continue to develop in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of BD with impairments affecting memory and executive function among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (aged 18-30 years) enrolled for the academic year 2018-2019 at the Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cantabria (Spain). Data collection included sociodemographic and academic information, together with alcohol and drug use information, collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. A battery of validated tests was used to gather neuropsychological variables. A total of 142 participants were included, of which 88.03% were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. No differences were found in memory tests. Regarding executive function, better performance in the Stroop Color and Word Test was observed in non-BD but the results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, no relationship was found between memory and executive function and BD, although better performance in executive function, specifically inhibitory control, was observed in non-BD.

Valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) en adolescentes mexicanos / Psychometric assessment of the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) in Mexican adolescents

Con el incremento en el uso del Internet han aparecido fenómenos nuevos como la adicción a las redes sociales, sin embargo, para poder ahondar en el tema y conocer los factores asociados y las consecuenciasde este es necesario tener instrumentos de medición válidos y confiables que permitan recolectar información fidedigna. El objetivo de esta investigación fueobtener evidencias sobre la estructura factorial, validez, consistencia interna e invarianza de medición entre sexos del Cuestionario de Adicción a las RedesSociales (ARS) en adolescentes mexicanos. Participaron 744 adolescentes de entre 17 y 19 años (M = 17.52; DT = .58) que asistían a clases de nivel mediosuperior en una preparatoria privada de la Ciudad de México. De estos 56.85% eran mujeres y 43.15% hombres. Los análisis de los reactivos se llevaron a cabosiguiendo las técnicas propuestas en la Teoría Clásica de los Test. Tras revisar la distribución, discriminación, correlación ítem total y multicolinealidad de losreactivos se procedió a probar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El modelo original conformado por tres factores no presentó un ajuste adecuadoen esta población por lo que, por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio y un posterior análisis factorial confirmatorio, se obtuvo un modelo de tres factores enel que se mantienen dos de los factores del modelo original y surge uno nuevo. La modificación para población mexicana queda constituida por menos de lamitad de los reactivos originales (once de 24). En esta estructura factorial se observan tanto índices de ajuste como valores de consistencia interna adecuados.El cuestionario muestra invarianza de medición métrica, fuerte y estricta entre hombres y mujeres. Se concluye que esta versión de la escala ARS cuenta concaracterísticas psicométricas aceptables para evaluar adolescentes mexicanos de escuelas privadas...(AU)

With the increase in the use of the Internet, new phe-nomena have been appeared such as social media addiction, however, to delve into the subject and know the associated factors and consequences of this, itis necessary to have valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow to collect trustworthy information. The aim of this research was to obtain evidenceon the factorial structure, validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance across sex of the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) in Mexicanadolescents. 744 adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age (M = 17.52; SD = .58) who attended upper secondary level classes in a private high school inMexico City participated. Of these 56.85% were women and 43.15% men. Item analyzes were carried out following the techniques proposed in the ClassicalTest Theory. After reviewing the distribution, discrimination, total item correlation and multicollinearity of the items, the psychometric properties of the instrumentwere tested. The original model made up for did not present an adequate adjustment in this population. Therefore, by means of an exploratory factor analysisand subsequent confirmatory factor analysis, a three-factor model was obtained, in which two factors of the original model are maintained and a new oneemerges. The modification for the Mexican population is constituted by less than half of original items (11 out of 24). In this factorial structure adequate indicesand internal consistency values were observed for both. The questionnaire shows metric, strong and strict measurement invariance between men and women.It is concluded that this version of the ARS scale has acceptable psychometric characteristic to evaluate...(AU)

Evidence of validity of the Attentional Performance Test (APT) / Evidências de validade do teste do desempenho atencional (TDA) / Evidencia de validez del test de desempeño atencional

This study aims to present evidence of validity of the Attentional Performance Test (APT). The search for evidence based on content, internal structure and reliability was carried out. The content's evidence was run with the expert judgement (n = 07; k = 0.84) and semantic analysis (n = 12, k = 0.77). Their results suggested an adequate agreement with the content of the assessment of sustained attention (S.A), verbal commands and the images of the instrument. An analysis of the factorial structure (n = 1086) resulted on 2 main factors, 4 dimensions and 12 measures (RMSR = 0.08). An analysis of internal consistency (n = 1086) of the APT showed adequate values (α > 70). This study indicated that the APT presents evidence for content, construct and reliability. The present results contribute to APT evidences to confirm it as an adequate psychometric instrument to assess attention.

Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar evidências de validade do Teste do Desempenho Atencional (TDA). Buscaram-se evidências baseadas no conteúdo, na estrutura interna e na fidedignidade. As evidências de conteúdo foram realizadas por intermédio da análise de juízes (n = 7; k = 0,84) e análise semântica (n = 12, k = 0,77), cujos resultados sugeriram concordância adequada quanto ao conteúdo de avaliação da atenção sustentada, aos comandos verbais e às imagens utilizadas no instrumento. A análise da estrutura fatorial (n = 1.086) do instrumento resultou em dois fatores principais, quatro dimensões e 12 medidas (RMSR = 0,08). A análise da consistência interna (n = 1.086) do TDA apresentou valores adequados (α > 70). Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo mostram que o TDA apresenta evidências suficientes para o conteúdo, o construto e a fidedignidade. Os atuais resultados contribuem para confirmar o TDA como instrumento psicométrico adequado para avaliação da atenção.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar evidencia de validez para el Test de Desempeño Atencional (TDA). Se realizó la búsqueda de evidencia basada en contenido, estructura interna y fiabilidad. Las evidencias de contenido se realizaron a través del análisis de expertos (n = 7; k = 0,84) y análisis semántico (n = 12, k = 0,77) y sus resultados sugirieron una adecuada concordancia con el contenido de evaluación de la atención sostenida, los comandos verbales y las figuras del instrumento. El análisis de la estructura factorial (n = 1.086) del instrumento se manifestó por dos factores principales, cuatro dimensiones y 12 medidas (RMSR = 0,08). El análisis de consistencia interna (n = 1.086) del TDA arrojó valores adecuados (α > 70). Este estudio sugiere que el TDA presenta evidencia suficiente de contenido, constructo y fiabilidad. Los resultados confirman que el TDA es un instrumento psicométrico adecuado para evaluación de la atención.

Psychometric Properties of Mobile Phone Abuse (MPA): Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Student Mobile Users.

Objective: Smartphone is an important technology device in our lifestyle. It has an important part of our daily lives, but it also has a negative effect, such as cell phone dependency. This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of mobile phone abuse (MPA) in the Iranian population. Method: In this study, data were chosen from 1100 participants who were studying in Tehran universities. The principal version of the scale was translated into Persian using the back translation method. All attendees completed Demographic Questionnaire, MPA Questionnaire, and Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS). Eventually, a clinical interview (based on the fifth version of DSM) was done for all the participants. For data analysis, internal and external consistency, factor analysis, construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Statistically, less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: According to expert judgments, content validity index was satisfactory. Furthermore, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's α of 0.90 and test-retest reliability of 0.56 after 3 weeks. The best cutoff point for this questionnaire (MPA) was 46. Also, 4 factors were extracted by principal components method and varimax rotation: "excessive use of cell phone," "addictive use of social networks," "mood modification," and "preoccupation" for both male and female students. Conclusion: MPA could be used in studies on the evaluation of mobile phone addiction. This can be a stepping stone towards the identification of problems and improvement of students' mobile phone abuse.

Uso de test psicológicos: perspectivas de psicólogos del sector público / Using psychological test: perspectives of public sector psychologists / Uso de testes psicológicos: perspectivas de psicólogos no setor público

La presente investigación tuvo el objetivo de describir la opinión de psicólogos del sector público del Callao sobre el uso de los test psicológicos. Participaron 45 psicólogos de Centros de Salud del sector público del Callao. La investigación fue fue empírica, de estrategia descriptiva y de diseño selectivo, no probabilístico y transversal. Se empleó un cuestionario que recoge la opinión de los psicólogos sobre la práctica de los test. Se halló que tres de cada cuatro psicólogos presentó actitudes favorables al uso de los test y reportaron estar a favor de la creación de políticas que controlen y regulen su uso bajo estándares y directrices internacionales, demandando la injerencia del Colegio de Psicólogos del Perú. Asimismo, la Escala de Inteligencia de Weschler fue la más utilizada (67%), instrumento carente de evidencias psicométricas concluyentes en población peruana. Por otro lado, se identificó que el uso indiscriminado de los test y el uso de fotocopias de materiales sujetos a copyright fueron los principales problemas percibidos. Este escenario demanda una reforma peruana a nivel de políticas de control, formación e investigación en el uso de los test psicológicos.

The present investigation had the objective of describing the opinion of psychologists from the Callao public sector on the use of psychological test. 45 psychologists from Callao public sector health centers participated. The research was empirical, with a descriptive strategy and a selective, non-probabilistic and transversal design. A questionnaire was used that collects the opinion of the psychologists on the practice of the test. It was found that three out of four psychologists presented favorable attitudes to the use of the test and reported being in favor of creating policies that control and regulate their use under international standards and guidelines, demanding the interference of the Peruvian College of Psychologists. Likewise, the Weschler Intelligence Scale was the most widely used (67%), an instrument lacking conclusive psychometric evidence in the Peruvian population. On the other hand, the indiscriminate use of test and the use of photocopies of materials subject to copyright were identified as the main perceived problems. This scenario demands a Peruvian reform at the level of control policies, training and research in the use of psychological test.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever a opinião de psicólogos do setor público de Callao sobre o uso de testes psicológicos. Participaram 45 psicólogos dos centros de saúde do setor público de Callao. A pesquisa foi empírica, com estratégia descritiva e delineamento seletivo, não probabilístico e transversal. Foi utilizado um questionário que coleta a opinião dos psicólogos sobre a prática dos testes. Verificou-se que três de cada quatro psicólogos apresentaram atitudes favoráveis ao uso dos testes e relataram estar favoráveis à criação de políticas que controlem e regulem seu uso baixo padrões e diretrizes internacionais, exigindo a interferência do Colégio de Psicólogos do Perú. Da mesma forma, a Escala de Inteligência Weschler foi a mais utilizada (67%), um instrumento sem evidências psicométricas conclusivas na população peruana. Por outro lado, o uso indiscriminado de testes e o uso de fotocópias de materiais com copyrigth foram identificados como os principais problemas percebidos. Esse cenário exige uma reforma peruana no nível de políticas de controle, treinamento e pesquisa no uso de testes psicológicos.

Relato de experiência acerca das vivências na prática da disciplina de avaliação psicológica / Experience report about experiences in the practice of the psychological evaluation discipline

A avaliação psicológica é função exclusiva do psicólogo e é uma ação fundamental para estruturar sua prática, sendo o ensino da avaliação fundamental na graduação de Psicologia. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um relato de experiência sobre a prática de atividade de avaliação psicológica realizada na disciplina de Técnicas de Exames Psicológicos (TEP) em um curso de graduação de Psicologia. Para relatar essa experiência será descrito todos os passos das atividades realizadas pelos alunos da disciplina com intuito de vivenciarem o processo de avaliação psicológica ainda na graduação. Todas as etapas foram realizadas no espaço do Serviço Escola de Psicologia da Instituição de Ensino Superior em que as disciplinas foram ministradas. Como resultado dessa experiência notou-se um maior comprometimento dos alunos e melhor compreensão do processo de avaliação psicológica, que não se restringe ao ensino do uso de testes. Conclui-se que a atividade favoreceu o aprendizado da avaliação psicológica como um processo amplo, possibilitando contextualizar a sua prática de forma ética e cuidadosa.

Psychological assessment is the exclusive function of the psychologist and is a fundamental action to structure his practice, and the teaching of fundamental assessment in the Psychology degree is essential. The purpose of this article is to present an experience report on the practice of psychological assessment activity carried out in the Psychological Examination Techniques (TEP) discipline in an undergraduate Psychology course. To report this experience, all the steps of the activities carried out by the students of the discipline will be described in order to experience the psychological assessment process while still undergraduate. All steps were performed at the School of Psychology Service of the Higher Education Institution where the subjects were taught. As a result of this experience, there was a greater commitment from students and a better understanding of the psychological assessment process, which is not restricted to teaching the use of tests. It is concluded that the activity favored the learning of psychological assessment as a broad process, making it possible to contextualize its practice in an ethical and careful way

Identification of signs of dyslexia test: comparison of performance between children with dyslexia and other development disorders / Teste para identificação de sinais de dislexia: comparação de desempenhos entre crianças com dislexia e outros transtornos do desenvolvimento / Test para identificación de señales de dislexia: comparación del desempeño entre niños con dislexia y otros trastornos del desarrollo

Screening instruments can help to characterize the academic and neuropsychological difficulties of individuals with Dyslexia. The aim of this study was to verify whether there would be differences in performance in the Identification of Signs of Dyslexia Test (TISD) when a group of children with Dyslexia was compared other diagnostic groups of children with level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Academic Difficulties. Participants were 172 children that had been diagnosed by interdisciplinary teams and average age ranging from 8.75 (SD = 2.21) to 10.14 (SD = 2.36) year-old. Comparison and association analyzes were performed using Univariate Analysis of Variance and Multinomial Logistic Regression, respectively. The results indicated that the ID and ASD groups presented more impaired performances. Additionally, the TISD was sensitive enough to identify differences between the Dyslexia and ASD groups, with the latter presenting worse performance. However, with the other groups, such differences were not observed. Complementary studies, with larger samples, are necessary, considering the effects of other variables associated with the disorders studied.

Instrumentos de triagem podem auxiliar na caracterização das dificuldades acadêmicas e neuropsicológicas de indivíduos com Dislexia. O objetivo do estudo foi de verificar se haveria diferenças de desempenho no Teste para Identificação de Sinais de Dislexia (TISD) quando um grupo de crianças com Dislexia fosse comparado a outros grupos diagnósticos de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, nível 1 (TEA), Deficiência Intelectual (DI), Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, Funcionamento Intelectual Limítrofe e Dificuldade Escolar. Participaram 172 crianças, com diagnóstico provindos de equipes interdisciplinares e médias de idade que variaram entre 8.75 (DP = 2.21) e 10,14 (DP = 2.36) anos. Foram realizadas análises de comparação e associação por meio da Análise Univariada da Variância e da Regressão Logística Multinomial, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que os grupos DI e TEA apresentaram desempenhos mais prejudicados. Adicionalmente, o TISD foi sensível para identificar diferenças entre os grupos Dislexia e TEA, com pior desempenho desse último. Entretanto, com os outros grupos, tais diferenças não foram observadas. Estudos complementares são necessários considerando maior casuística e efeitos de outras variáveis associadas aos transtornos estudados.

Los instrumentos de clasificación pueden auxiliar en la caracterización de las dificultades académicas y neuropsicológicas de individuos con Dislexia del Desarrollo (DD). El objetivo de este estudio fueverificar si habría diferencias de desempeño en el Test para Identificación de Señales de Dislexia (TISD) cuando se comparó un grupo de niños con dislexia con otros grupos de diagnóstico de niños con Espectro Autista, nivel 1 (TEA), Deficiencia Intelectual (DI), Trastorno de Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad, Funcionamiento Intelectual Limítrofe y Dificultad Escolar. Participaron 172 niños con diagnósticos provenientes de equipos interdisciplinares y con medias de edad que oscilaron entre 8,75 (SD = 2,21) y 10,14 (SD = 2,36) años. Los análisis de comparación y asociación se realizaron mediante Análisis Univariado de Varianza y Regresión Logística Multinomial, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron que los grupos DI y TEA presentaron desempeños más perjudicados. Adicionalmente, el TISD fue sensible para identificar diferencias entre los grupos Dislexia y TEA; el peor desempeño fue presentado por el TEA. Entre tanto, con los otros grupos, esas diferencias no fueron observadas. Si consideramos la mayor casuística y efectos de otras variables asociadas a los trastornos estudiados, es necesario realizar estúdios complementarios.